Thursday, September 17, 2015
Old Farmer's Almanac Community
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: "The Old Farmer's Almanac" <Old_Farmers_Almanac@yankeepub.com>
Date: Sep 17, 2015 5:42 PM
Subject: ☼ Welcome to the Old Farmer's Almanac Community
To: <guyperea1@gmail.com>
Cc:
Would you like to send this email to a friend?
From: "The Old Farmer's Almanac" <Old_Farmers_Almanac@yankeepub.com>
Date: Sep 17, 2015 5:42 PM
Subject: ☼ Welcome to the Old Farmer's Almanac Community
To: <guyperea1@gmail.com>
Cc:
| |||||||||||||
PEREA, Francisco
1830–1913
OFFICE
Delegate
STATE/TERRITORY
New Mexico
PARTY
Republican
CONGRESS(ES)
38th (1863–1865)
JUMP TO
BiographyExternal Research CollectionsBibliography/Further Reading
Biography
Francisco Perea capitalized on his family's prominence and his military service to propel his career in territorial and national politics. The first Republican Hispanic-American Member of Congress, he dedicated his single term as Territorial Delegate to serving his constituents and containing the Indian threat to settlers by championing a controversial reservation system.
Perea was born in Las Padillas, New Mexico, on January 9, 1830, to Juan Perea and Josefa Chaves de Perea. Perea's maternal grandfather, Francisco Xavier Chaves, was Mexico's governor of the New Mexico province in the 1820s, and two of Perea's maternal uncles eventually succeeded his grandfather. Perea's father served in the Fourth Departmental Congress in 1846 and in the New Mexico Legislative Assembly in 1852 and 1857. After the U.S. war with Mexico, José Leandro, Perea's paternal uncle, represented Bernalillo County in the First Legislative Assembly. Years later, his cousinsPedro Perea and José Francisco Chaveswould serve as New Mexico's Legislative Delegates to the U.S. Congress. Francisco studied at a local Bernalillo school in 1836 and 1837. He and his cousin José Chaves attended a Santa Fe school in 1837 and 1838, and Francisco transferred to a school in Albuquerque the following academic year. From 1839 to 1843, Perea tutored his younger siblings. Like many elite New Mexicans, he received a college education in Missouri, mastering English (again, with his cousin José F. Chaves) at Jesuit College in St. Louis from 1843 to 1845. While the Mexican-American War raged on, Perea traveled to New York City's Bank Street Academy in 1847, completing his studies in 1849. During this sojourn, Perea and a colleague visited East Coast cities including Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C.; they also traveled to northern New York and Chicago.
Perea returned to New Mexico in 1850 to pursue a career in business that included ranching, trade, and commerce. He served as a distributor of manufactured goods to New Mexicans by importing products from cities such as St. Louis, and Independence, Missouri, at the head of the Santa Fe Trail. He also herded sheep to California for sale in the markets. After making a fortune selling sheep, Perea invested in the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad. Perea married twice. He had 18 children with his first wife, Dolores Otero (a niece of Territorial Delegate Miguel Antonio Otero's), whom he wed in 1851, but many of them died in infancy. Dolores died in 1866. In 1875 Perea married Gabriela Montoya, with whom he had 18 more children, but only 10 were living at the time of his death.1
Perea entered politics when he was elected to New Mexico's Eighth Legislative Assembly in 1858 for a two-year term representing Bernalillo County.2 Aside from his pedigree, his motivation to run for political office is unclear. A staunch Republican, Perea considered Abraham Lincoln's election to the presidency in 1860 to be fortuitous for the Union. The news of Lincoln's election, Perea recalled, "was celebrated by immense processions of men and boys marching through the principal streets to the music of many brass bands, the firing of cannon, and the discharging of anvils."3 Nevertheless, New Mexican loyalties were split between pro-Confederate Democrats and pro-Union Republicans; the territory became a flashpoint for conflict during 1861 and 1862.
In the summer and fall of 1861, Perea advocated for New Mexico to remain in the Union by appealing to "every prominent man in the … territory." In light of New Mexico's precarious condition, Lincoln authorized Governor Henry Connelly to raise two full regiments and four battalions of four companies each. Perea organized a volunteer battalion at his own expense and was commissioned as a regimental lieutenant colonel.4 Dubbed "Perea's Battalion," the unit was stationed near Albuquerque, where its namesake commander led various campaigns against Apaches and Navajos in 1861 and 1862. The battalion also saw action in the Apache Canyon at the Battle of Glorieta Pass, a pivotal engagement that forced the Confederates out of New Mexico in March 1862. Shortly thereafter, Perea resigned his commission and returned to civilian life.5
In January 1863, Perea ran for the position of Territorial Delegate to the U.S. House in the 38th Congress (1863–1865), winning the Republican nomination that June. He outlined his proposed legislative priorities in a public letter that was printed in New Mexico newspapers. Perea's experience fighting Indians convinced him that the two cultures could not coexist. He condemned past treaties as "worse than useless," suggesting that American Indians were liable "to do wrong in accordance with the instincts of the savage nature." Justifying his solution—to remove Indians to reservations—he argued, "It will be acting the part of wisdom in our own behalf and the part of philanthropy on behalf of the savages … [there] they may be compelled to earn their subsistence by the labor of their own hands, and have the opportunity given them to cultivate the habits and enjoy the blessings of civilization and Christianity."6
The economic leg of his platform was closely associated with suppressing American Indians, particularly the Apaches, because their removal would open more land to settlers and allow the exploitation of New Mexico's mineral resources. Perea believed mining would determine the territory's financial fortunes. "Nothing can give our Territory as much prominence in the eyes of the people throughout the United States as the fact of the existence of rich gold producing mines in our midst," he wrote. To remove the Indians, Perea promised that as Delegate, he would make "every exertion I can put forth … to strengthen the hands of our [military] Department commander and give him sufficient force to expel the savages from the bounteous fields which should now be furnishing profitable employment to thousands of our people."7
Perea advised against implementing statehood in the midst of war, noting that the issue might be exploited by "men ambitious of place and power" and arguing that public sentiment did not support it.8 Nevertheless, he urged continued support for the Lincoln administration, asserting, "It is the duty of all citizens to occupy themselves with the stern realities with which we are confronted and do all in their power to maintain the integrity of the government." He left no doubt that as Delegate, he would exert "the whole of my influence … in favor of the reestablishment of the Union as it was and the enforcement of the constitution as it is."9
Perea's opponents were José Manuel Gallegos and Judge Joab Houghton, a former chief justice of the superior court under New Mexico's military government and an associate of Miguel Otero's brother Antonio José.10 Houghton dropped out of the race in July 1863 and threw his support to Perea.11Gallegos, a prominent but controversial priest-turned-politician, served as a Territorial Delegate in the 33rd and 34th Congresses (1853–1857), but was unseated in his second term after Miguel Otero contested his election. However, Gallegos remained a power in territorial politics, serving as speaker in the Tenth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Legislative Assemblies (1860–1862).12 Although Gallegos ran as a Democrat, he was pro-Union and was imprisoned during the Confederate occupation of Santa Fe, but his party designation left him open to charges of collaborating with secessionists.
Perea's supporters resurrected tactics other territorial politicians had used against Gallegos, advertising his suspension from the Catholic priesthood and his affiliation with a cadre of activist priests before the American occupation. A seamy campaign poem entitledEl Padrecillo ("The Father"), circulated by Perea's backers, mocked Gallegos's connections to administrative corruption and his obliviousness to such ethical lapses. The poem also publicized Gallegos's controversial relationship with Candelaria Montoya, a widow.13 According to one account, Perea visited nearly every part of the territory and frequently spoke to crowds.14 The initial results showed that Perea won the election, with 7,231 votes to Gallegos's 6,425.15However, a variety of seeming irregularities in various counties persuaded Republican governor Henry Connelly to have "the vote reconstructed from the tallies kept by election officials in the precincts, and these were tabulated in place of the actual ballots." The recount confirmed Perea's majority.16Gallegos and his supporters contested the results, arguing that Connelly had exceeded his authority, but when Gallegos was denied an extension to obtain more testimony from voters, his case fell apart, and the House Committee on Elections awarded the seat to Perea.17
Like the other Delegates of the era, Perea was not permitted to sit on a standing committee when he was sworn in to the 38th Congress (1863–1865). Nevertheless, he submitted bills regarding a range of constituent services and personal legislative interests; but because Republicans controlled the chamber and tended to support the development of national infrastructure, Perea's initiatives enjoyed only modest success.18 In early 1864, Perea requested funds to construct a military road between Taos, New Mexico, and the territorial capital of Santa Fe. Another measure requested financial aid for communities in the New Mexico Territory and the newly created Arizona Territory, and a third measure asked for the implementation of boundaries between the New Mexico, Colorado, and Arizona Territories. Perea responded to the needs of military veterans by submitting private relief bills and requesting payments for volunteer companies that served against hostile Indian tribes and in the Mexican-American War. All the bills were read and submitted to the appropriate committees, but no action was taken.19 Perea tried to secure money for surveying land in New Mexico in H.R. 786, a miscellaneous appropriations bill, but he was unsuccessful.20 True to his campaign promise, he took particular interest in a Senate bill that requested "aid in the settlement, subsistence, and support of the Navajo Indian captives upon a reservation in the Territory of New Mexico." The bill mustered enough votes to pass, but SenatorWilliam Windom of Minnesota killed it using a parliamentary tactic.21
During his tenure, Perea became close friends with President Lincoln, to whom he was introduced by former New Mexico Territorial Delegate John S. Watts in 1864. "I met the President in the White House, in company with a number of senators, representatives, and others," Perea recalled. Perea went to see Lincoln "time after time on business connected with complaints against [territorial] officials and other difficulties." Perea reported that he "occupied the seat in the pit of the theater directly under the Lincoln box" on the evening of April 14, 1865. "I heard the shot fired by [John Wilkes] Booth," he said.22 Also, Perea served as one of three delegates to the Republican National Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1864.23 According to a contemporary account, Perea "bore aloft the Star Spangled banner, over which streamed a pure white penant bearing … the motto: 'New Mexico–the Union and the Monroe Doctrine forever.' The flag and its motto attracted great attention and elicited loud applause."24
Perea used his influence as a Territorial Delegate to persuade federal officials in Washington, D.C., to attack political opponents and promote the careers of his allies back home. During the contested election case, Perea wrote a number of letters to Secretary of State William H. Seward about the professional conduct of William F. M. Arny, the territorial secretary and a committed ally of José Manuel Gallegos. In one letter, Perea enclosed documents alleging that Arny's performance had alienated constituents. Perea also noted that Arny had "undertaken to come to Washington with(out) leave" from territorial superiors to hire lawyers to represent Gallegos in February 1864.25 A month later, Perea informed Seward about Arny's support of Gallegos, neglecting to tell him about Governor Connelly's relationship with the Perea family. Perea wrote, "It becomes obvious beyond question, that he has been not only instrumental in exciting a contest for my seat in Congrefs, but that the principal object … is to act as an agent in behalf of the contestant." Perea considered Arny's conduct "reprehensible, in disturbing the political quietude of the Territory by agitating this contest, after the voice of the people had spoken and their decision had been announced in the form of law" and asked that he be removed.26
Early in 1865, Perea became involved in a dispute between the New Mexico and Colorado Territories concerning The Conejos, a large tract of land on New Mexico's northern border that was ceded to Colorado upon its incorporation in 1861. In a published letter toJames Ashley of Ohio, Chairman of the House Committee on Territories, Perea alleged that "the sole purpose of such a severance was to give evenness and symmetry to the southern boundary of Colorado … at the serious expense of New Mexico." Perea noted that the "population of Los Conejos … are almost entirely Mexicans. They are foreign in language … from the great body of the people of Colorado. The laws of that Territory are enacted and published only in the English language, which they do not understand and the legislative discussions and deliberations are conducted in the same language." Perea emphasized the Conejans' foreignness, their affinity for Spanish institutions, and their incompatibility with Colorado Anglos and American jurisprudence. He deemed the situation "utterly repugnant to the true principles of liberty" and requested its immediate amelioration.27
Perea insisted that New Mexican citizenship would satisfy the cultural aspirations of the Conejans. He noted that one of the earliest acts of the New Mexico territorial government was to declare "that the principles of the civil law should prevail in all civil causes that might arise before their courts; and the Congress of the United States, in approving that legislation … manifested its appreciation of their desire to preserve and perpetuate their ancient and venerated system of jurisprudence."28 New Mexicans, Perea maintained, were uniquely suited to managing this still-foreign people. Although "they have formed a patriotic fondness for this government, and are now earned and true in their allegiance to their new sovereign, the change was not a matter of their own choice. The acquisition of their country was the fruit of war waged by the United States against their native land, and by every consideration of justice and humanity they are entitled to the enjoyment of their native language, and their system of law and domestic usages, so long … as they do not conflict with the principles of the general government." Perea submitted the bill in the waning weeks of the session, and the Committee on Territories did not act on it. After acquiring the region, Colorado retained it through its territorial period (1861–1876); today Los Conejos remains part of that state.29
Perea began running for re-election in January 1865. In a glowing editorial, the Santa Fe Weekly Gazette noted that he had been a highly effective legislator and had stood firm in his support of the Lincoln administration. While admitting Perea's "efforts have secured but very meager appropriations—sums far below the amounts obtained by his predecessors," the editors blamed the war for siphoning off federal funds. Alluding to the tempestuous tenures of earlier Territorial Delegates, they appealed to constituents to keep Perea in office because he was experienced. In an effort to defuse potential contenders' use of a native-son platform, the editors suggested that replacing Perea would be "unfair to the Mexican people as a race" because it would deprive New Mexicans of an incumbent with seniority. Other Members of Congress "are possessed of advantages which the New Mexican people are unwilling to give to their own sons," they wrote. If Perea "is successfully opposed by a native, that native will be no further advanced than his predecessor.… Thus always we shall have inexperienced Representatives, and so always be subjected to the same imputation and disadvantages."30 To Perea, the editors wrote, "[You are] worthy of our confidence; you have done your work well and are entitled to the reward of re-election to the place which for two years you have so worthily filled."31Perea responded that he was "grateful to the public for past favors" [and] would "endeavor to continue to merit their approbation" upon being re-elected.32
Perea's acceptance letter for the Republican nomination in July 1865 outlined his successes and his plans for another term. Adopting the party platform, he acknowledged that much of his energy was focused on containing "our deadly enemies" the Navajo Indians. As part of that platform, he embraced a developing military-led effort to forcibly remove Navajos to a reservation known as the Bosque Redondo in eastern New Mexico. Perea noted, "I have steadfastly, in Congress, before the Committees on Indian Affairs in both Houses and before the Interior and War Departments of the Government, advocated the policy which is now observed of keeping that tribe on the Reservation at the Bosque Redondo." After vigorously defending the policy, he added, "Those who oppose the Government in its efforts to thus relieve us of our despoilers are the worst enemies the Territory can have." If he was re-elected for another term, Perea promised, "I shall continue to use all the influence I possess to have the reservation system made permanent and in this way, secure lasting peace with the Indians."33
Perea's principal election opponent was his cousin, José Francisco Chaves. Although both men were Republicans, they represented distinct territorial factions. Perea was nominated to lead the Union Party ticket. Unionists, explains historian Howard Lamar, "supported the Indian reservation policy … praised General [James H.] Carleton and the troops participating in the Indian campaigns, recognized the supremacy of the United States Government, and condemned Abraham Lincoln's assassination." Chaves was an Administration Party candidate. The Administration faction's loyalties were identical to those of Unionists, but they opposed Carleton's policy of forcing the Navajos onto the Bosque Redondo Reservation.34
Perea noted that although he and Chaves were "connected by the most endearing ties of consanguinity," his cousin had "allowed himself to pass into the hands of my enemies, the enemies of my political friends and, as I hold, the enemies of the Territory."35 The campaign hinged on the Bosque Redondo Reservation experiment. Perea fully supported its expansion, whereas Chaves opposed it. Chaves also criticized Perea's efforts to regain Los Conejos. Throughout the summer of 1865, Perea's political standing suffered from his association with the controversial General Carleton, who was eventually removed from his post.36 Chaves prevailed, with a 58 to 42 percent victory.37
Afterward, Perea returned to his business activities in New Mexico and, according to his eulogist W. H. H. Allison, retained a large amount of political influence by controlling federal appointments to the territory under President Andrew Johnson's administration. Later, Perea was elected to the territory's Sixteenth and Twenty-Sixth Legislative Assemblies (1866–1867 and 1886–1887, respectively) as a representative of Bernalillo County. In 1881 Perea owned and operated a resort hotel in Jemez Springs, New Mexico, where he also served as postmaster from 1894 to 1905. Perea died in Albuquerque at age 83 on May 31, 1913.38
Footnotes
1"Francisco Perea," in Maurilio E. Vigil, Los Patrones: Profiles of Hispanic Political Leaders in New Mexico History (Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1980): 53–55; "Francisco Perea," in Matt S. Meier, Mexican American Biographies: A Historical Dictionary, 1836–1987 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1988): 175; W. H. H. Allison, "Francisco Perea, Delegate to 38th Congress, Dies at Home Here," 22 May 1913, Albuquerque Morning Journal: 1. This obituary was reprinted verbatim in W. H. H. Allison, "Colonel Francisco Perea," in Ralph Emerson Twitchell, ed., Old Santa Fe: A Magazine of History, Archaeology, Genealogy, and Biography, vol. 1, no. 2 (October 1913): 210–222. See also Carlos Brazil Ramirez, "The Hispanic Political Elite in Territorial New Mexico: A Study of Classical Colonialism," (Ph.D. diss., University of California–Santa Barbara, 1979): 274, 285.
2W. G. Ritch, The Legislative Blue Book of the Territory of New Mexico (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1968; reprint of 1882 edition): 105–106.
3Allison, "Francisco Perea, Delegate to 38th Congress."
4Ibid.
5"Francisco Perea," in Vigil, Los Patrones: 53–55; Ralph Emerson Twitchell, ed., Leading Facts of New Mexican History, vol. 2 (Cedar Rapids, IA: Torch Press, 1912): 399–400; Allison, "Francisco Perea, Delegate to 38th Congress." According to Twitchell, Perea "engaged in repairing his houses and fortune, both of which had been severely wrecked by the invading Texans" during 1863.
6Francisco Perea, "To the People of New Mexico," 13 June 1863, Santa Fe Weekly Gazette: 2.
7Perea, "To the People of New Mexico."
8Ibid.
9Ibid.
10For a brief biography of Houghton, see Twitchell,Leading Facts of New Mexico History, vol. 2: 272–273, 398–399.
11"The Canvass for Delegate," 4 July 1863, Santa Fe Weekly Gazette: 2.
12Ritch, The Legislative Blue Book of New Mexico: 107–109; Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "José Manuel Gallegos," http://bioguide.congress.gov.
13"The Canvass for Delegate." The Santa Fe Weekly Gazette described Gallegos as a "disgraced priest, adulterer, sacreligist, [and] trickster."
14Allison, "Francisco Perea, Delegate to 38th Congress." Some of Gallegos's supporters "had favored the dissolution of the union of the state, and later had welcomed the advent into the territory of the Texas Rangers."
15Certified Election Results of New Mexico Delegate's Race, Copy of Record of Executive Proceedings of the Territory of New Mexico from the 10th Day of November 1862 to the 28th Day of October 1863, Department of State Territorial Papers, New Mexico, 1851–1872 (National Archives Microfilm Publication T17, Roll 2), General Records of the Department of State, Record Group 59, National Archives at College Park, College Park, MD (NACP).
16Gerald Arthur Theisen, "Jose Manuel Gallegos (1815–75): The First Mexican-American in the United States Congress," (Ph.D. diss., University of New Mexico, 1985): 132–143. Theisen writes that votes for one county could not be counted because the poll books were burned.
17Chester H. Rowell, A Historical and Legal Digest of All the Contested Election Cases in the House of Representatives of the United States from the First to the Fifty-Sixth Congress, 1789–1901 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1976; reprint of 1901 edition): 188; Theisen, "Jose Manuel Gallegos (1815–75)": 144–145.
18For an overview of Congress's activities during the Civil War, see Mark Neely, "The Civil War," in Julian Zelizer, ed., The American Congress: The Building of Democracy (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2004): 207–223.
19Congressional Globe, House, 38th Cong., 1st sess. (11 January 1864): 149–150; Congressional Globe, House, 38th Cong., 1st sess. (5 April 1864): 1425;Congressional Globe, House, 38th Cong., 1st sess. (11 April 1864): 1532; Congressional Globe, House, 38th Cong., 1st sess. (10 May 1864): 2207. For a summary of Perea's legislative activities, see "Col. Perea," 30 January 1864, Santa Fe Weekly Gazette: 2.
20Congressional Globe, House, 38th Cong., 2nd sess. (1 March 1865): 1260. Perea objected to New Mexico's allocation of $5,000 because the Colorado Territory (part of which belonged to New Mexico prior to its creation in 1861) was receiving $15,000 for its surveys. Perea pointed out, "New Mexico is paying $150,000 a year in the United States Treasury, while in Colorado … there is not even a collector of revenue yet." However, Delegate Hiram Bennet of Colorado argued, "Surveys have not been ordered in Colorado … for two years previous to this appropriation." He also noted, "New Mexico has a large amount of private lands, and consequently there is less of the public domain [there] than in Colorado." Perea withdrew his amendment after Bennet's explanation.
21Congressional Globe, House, 38th Cong., 1st sess. (29 June 1864): 3389. Perea supported and tried to acquire appropriations for the Bosque Redondo Reservation experiment and took credit for his efforts in "Col. Perea's Acceptance," 8 July 1865, Santa Fe Weekly Gazette: 2. For background, see Peter Iverson,Diné: A History of the Navajos (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2002).
22"Mr. Lincoln Was Always Intensely Interested in Affairs of New Mexico," 12 February 1909,Albuquerque Morning Journal: 1, 2.
23Allison, "Francisco Perea, Delegate to 38th Congress": 1. Allison claims that in 1864 New Mexico "was for the first time represented in a national convention." However, Miguel Otero had attended the Democratic National Convention in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1860.
24"From Washington City," 23 July 1864, Santa Fe Weekly Gazette: 2; Allison, "Francisco Perea, Delegate to 38th Congress." Perea's obituary states that he attended the Republican National Convention with two other delegates from New Mexico, "which was for the first time represented in a national convention."
25Francisco Perea to William H. Seward, 20 February 1864, Department of State Territorial Papers, New Mexico, 1851–1872, RG 59, NACP. Gallegos authorized Arny to represent him and to hire legal representation when necessary. See José Manuel Gallegos to William F. M. Arny, 6 February 1864, Department of State Territorial Papers, New Mexico, 1851–1872, RG 59, NACP. Perea took particular issue with Arny's "abandonment of his post of duty without lawful permission to come here for the purpose of prosecuting that contest." Perea continued, "And it is still more worthy of condemnation in the assault he has insidiously made … on the rectitude of his co-officials of the Territory, for the purpose of gaining a personal or political end."
26The spelling "Congrefs" is from Perea's original. Francisco Perea to William H. Seward, 21 March 1864, Department of State Territorial Papers, New Mexico, 1851–1872, RG 59, NACP. Although Perea claimed Arny did not get permission from the governor to visit Washington, José Gallegos wrote that the New Mexico legislative assembly, where Gallegos had a great deal of support, authorized Arny's trip to Washington. See José Manuel Gallegos to William F. M. Arny, 5 February 1864, Department of State Territorial Papers, New Mexico 1851–1872, RG 59, NACP. Perea suggested that the documents he had sent Seward (a memorial from Gallegos and affidavits by Arny confirming Gallegos's election complaints) indicated that Arny had lied to officials in Washington about political developments in the territory. Perea penned additional letters calling for Arny's ouster, but the State Department did not act on his requests. See Francisco Perea to William H. Seward, 26 June 1864, and Francisco Perea to William H. Seward, 6 March 1865, Department of State Territorial Papers, 1851–1872, RG 59, NACP. Arny continued to serve as secretary and also spearheaded the effort to outlaw slavery in the territory. For biographical information about Arny, see Lawrence R. Murphy, Frontier Crusader: William F. M. Arny (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1972), especially pp. 124–132, for the 1863 contested election case and Perea's complaints to Secretary of State Seward. For information about Arny and slavery in New Mexico, see Alvin R. Sunseri,Seeds of Discord: New Mexico in the Aftermath of the American Conquest, 1846–1861 (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1979): 41–42. For an overview of the period, see Lawrence R. Murphy, "Reconstruction in New Mexico," New Mexico Historical Review 43 (April 1968): 99–115.
27Perea further asserted that the Conejans "can neither take an intelligent part in legislation, nor understand from their laws … either the rights they confer or the obligations they impose; and they must remain in darkness as to the character of the laws under which they live, until the government of the United States shall, at its own great expense, have those laws translated into their native tongue." This lack of understanding "is tantamount to their exclusion from every share in the legislation of the country." See Francisco Perea, "Letter of Hon. Francisco Perea to Hon. Jas M. Ashley, Chairman of the Committee on Territories, of the House of Representatives, Reclaiming a Certain Portion of the Territory of New Mexico, Which Has Been Included in the Boundaries of Colorado," 18 February 1865, Santa Fe Weekly Gazette: 1. See also "Shame, Where Is Thy Blush?" 11 March 1865, Santa Fe Weekly Gazette: 2.
28Perea, "Letter of Hon. Francisco Perea to Hon. Jas M. Ashley, Chairman of the Committee on Territories."
29Ibid. See "The Conejos," 1 July 1865, Santa Fe Weekly Gazette: 2; for E. C. Ingersoll's letter to Perea explaining why the bill did not progress. The committee endorsed Perea for re-election to Congress by sending the Santa Fe Weekly Gazette a letter attesting to Perea's professionalism and effectiveness as an advocate for New Mexico. For background information about Los Conejos, see Ray C. Colton, The Civil War in the Western Territories: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1959): 197–198; William A. Keleher, Turmoil in New Mexico, 1846–1868(Santa Fe: Sunstone Press, 2008; reprint of 1952 edition): 126–127. Los Conejos, "being the extreme northern portion of New Mexico, was severed from New Mexico and annexed to the territory of Colorado by act of congress approved February 28, 1861. The sole purpose of the severance, affecting 3,000 native born New Mexicans, was to give evenness and symmetry to the southern boundary of Colorado. Hon. Francisco Perea … belatedly protested against the severance, in a letter written to James M. Ashley, chairman of the Committee on Territories in the House … and attempted to reclaim the lost territory for New Mexico, contending the act of severance had passed without consultation or warning."
30"Congressional Election," 25 February 1865, Santa Fe Weekly Gazette: 2.
31"Hon. Francisco Perea," 14 January 1865, Santa Fe Weekly Gazette: 2. According to the article, Perea secured "$100,000 for the Navajos, nearly $23,000 for the legislative fund, $50,000 for the general and incidental expenses of the Indian Superintendency in the Territory, $25,000 for deficiencies, and other amounts sufficient to keep in operation the various civil offices of the Territory."
32Francisco Perea, "A Card," 14 January 1865, Santa Fe Weekly Gazette: 2. Perea wrote this opinion piece on 6 December 1864.
33"Col. Perea's Acceptance," 8 July 1865, Santa Fe Weekly Gazette: 2.
34Colton, The Civil War in the Western Territories: 197–198; Howard R. Lamar, The Far Southwest, 1846–1912: A Territorial History, rev. ed. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2000): 109–112. By the 1864 presidential election, New Mexico Republicans had split into three groups, as Lamar explains, "the regulars, consisting of Governor [Henry] Connelly, Delegate Perea, and Judge John S. Watts, who openly declared for Lincoln; another faction, led by Connelly's own secretary [of the territory], W. F. M. Arny, who supported [Salmon] Chase and the Radicals [Republicans]; and still a third group, who were actually old-time Democrats and wanted [George B.] McClellan for President." By the 1865 Delegate election, Chaves "ran on a pro-Arny and anti-Bosque ticket, while his cousin Francisco Perea … defended the General."
35Colton, The Civil War in the Western Territories: 197–198; Lamar, The Far Southwest, 1846–1912: A Territorial History: 109–112; "Col. Perea's Acceptance."
36Allison, "Francisco Perea, Delegate to 38th Congress"; Martha Durant Read, "Colonel Jose Francisco Chaves: A Short Biography of the Father of the New Mexico Statehood Movement," Southwest Heritage 8, no. 4 (Winter 1978–1979): 13–21, 30; for more information about Carleton, see Aurora Hunt,Maj. Gen. James H. Carleton (1814–73), Western Frontier Dragoon (Glendale, CA: Arthur H. Clark Company, 1958). The Santa Fe Weekly Gazette published a September 1864 letter from Chaves to Perea describing Chaves's opposition to the reservation in "Chavez and the Reservation Question," 5 August 1865, Santa Fe Weekly Gazette: 2.
37Certified Election Results of 1865 Delegate Election, 21 September 1865 entry of Governor's Journal, Copy of the Executive Records of the Territory of New Mexico, Department of State Territorial Papers, New Mexico, 1851–1872, RG 59, NACP. The official totals were 8,571 votes for Chaves and 6,180 votes for Perea.
38Allison, "Francisco Perea, Delegate to 38th Congress"; Ritch, New Mexico Blue Book, 111; Territory of New Mexico, Report of the Secretary of the Territory, 1905–1906 and Legislative Manual 1907 (Albuquerque, NM: Morning Journal, 1907): 169.
View Record in the Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
The Roundup
NOTE: "FAIR" INDICATES FEW OR NO CLOUDS BELOW 12,000 FEET WITH NO
SIGNIFICANT WEATHER AND/OR OBSTRUCTIONS TO VISIBILITY.
FLZ001>010-012>015-112-114-115-171900-
PANHANDLE FLORIDA
CITY SKY/WX TMP DP RH WIND PRES REMARKS
PENSACOLA PTSUNNY 84 67 56 VRB7 30.02F
PENSACOLA NAS MOSUNNY 85 68 56 N10 30.01F
MILTON NAS MOSUNNY 84 68 58 NE7 30.03F
CRESTVIEW MOSUNNY 88 68 51 NE7 30.04F
VALPARAISO MOSUNNY 87 66 50 NE13 30.01F
MARY ESTHER MOSUNNY 85 66 52 NE8 29.99F
TRI COUNTY MOCLDY 83 67 58 E7 30.02F
PANAMA CITY MOCLDY 83 69 62 NE12 30.00F
TYNDALL AFB SUNNY 85 71 62 N10 29.99F
APALACHICOLA MOSUNNY 81 67 62 SE10 29.98F
STATION/POSITION SKY/WX TEMP WIND PRES WAVE SWELL
AIR SEA DIR/SP/G HT/PER HT/PER
(F) (DEG/KT/KT) (MB) (FT/S) (FT/S)
30.1N 87.6W 77 83 30/ 10/ 14 1016.1F 3/ 7 2/ 7
29.2N 88.2W 79 83 50/ 17/ 21 1016.4F 5/ 7
28.8N 86.0W 81 83 80/ 17/ 21 1014.8F 6/ 7
PANAMA CITY BEAC 80 82 50/ 9/ 12 1016.4F
CAPE SAN BLAS NOT AVBL
TOWER C 77 60/ 17/ 19 1015.1F
28.5N 84.5W 81 83 70/ 16/ 17 1014.0F 5/ 6
$$
FLZ011-016>038-118-127-128-134-139-239-171900-
NORTH FLORIDA
CITY SKY/WX TMP DP RH WIND PRES REMARKS
MARIANNA MOSUNNY 87 67 51 NE17G24 30.01F
TALLAHASSEE PTSUNNY 86 69 56 E12 30.00F
PERRY CLOUDY 83 70 65 NE9G16 30.00F
CROSS CITY N/A 85 71 63 NE9 29.97F
LAKE CITY FAIR 79 72 78 NE8 30.00F
GAINESVILLE CLOUDY 81 71 71 NE12 29.98F
WILLISTON FAIR 84 75 74 NE12 29.98F
MAYPORT NAS LGT RAIN 78 74 87 N9 29.99F
JACKSONVILLE CLOUDY 76 73 91 N9 30.00F
JAX NAS CLOUDY 83 70 64 N16 30.00F
JAX CRAIG LGT RAIN 77 73 87 N12 30.00F
JAX CECIL PTSUNNY 79 73 83 NE9 30.01F
FERNANDINA BEA CLOUDY 79 73 83 N12 29.99F
ST AUGUSTINE CLOUDY 79 73 83 N12 29.99F
STATION/POSITION SKY/WX TEMP WIND PRES WAVE SWELL
AIR SEA DIR/SP/G HT/PER HT/PER
(F) (DEG/KT/KT) (MB) (FT/S) (FT/S)
SHELL POINT 83 90/ 3/ 7 N/A
KEATON BEACH 81 50/ 8/ 11 1015.3F
CEDAR KEY 80 70/ 12/ 13 1014.8F
FERNANDINA 76 80 10/ 7/ 13 1016.3F
30.7N 81.3W 82 N/A 5/ 5
MAYPORT 79 81 40/ 12/ 15 1016.9F
31.4N 80.9W 76 81 60/ 25/ 29 1016.0F 5/ 5 2/11
ST AUGUSTINE 77 80 360/ 14/ 15 1015.9F
$$
FLZ040-043>046-052-053-057-058-063-144-171900-
INTERIOR CENTRAL FLORIDA
CITY SKY/WX TMP DP RH WIND PRES REMARKS
OCALA PTSUNNY 81 72 74 NE8 29.97F
THE VILLAGES N/A 82 73 74 N10 29.86F
LEESBURG CLOUDY 82 73 74 N12 29.96F
SANFORD CLOUDY 78 72 81 NE12 29.95F
ORLANDO EXEC CLOUDY 79 76 90 NE7 29.94F
ORLANDO INTL CLOUDY 78 72 81 SW7 29.94F
KISSIMMEE DRIZZLE 75 73 94 NW5 29.95F
WINTER HAVEN CLOUDY 83 72 69 N9 29.94F
LAKELAND PTSUNNY 82 73 74 NE12 29.93F
BARTOW PTSUNNY 81 70 69 NE8 29.94F
OKEECHOBEE N/A N/A N/A N/A NE8 29.90F THUNDER
$$
FLZ041-047-054-059-064-141-147-171900-
EAST CENTRAL FLORIDA
CITY SKY/WX TMP DP RH WIND PRES REMARKS
ORMOND BEACH MOSUNNY 79 72 78 NE9 29.96F
DAYTONA BEACH CLOUDY 79 72 79 NE13 29.96F
DELAND N/A 77 73 88 E5 29.97F
NEW SMYRNA BEA PTSUNNY 75 73 94 E6 29.97F
JFK SPACE CTR PTSUNNY 78 72 83 N8 29.93F
CAPE CANAVERAL PTSUNNY 81 78 89 N7 29.92F
PATRICK AFB PTSUNNY 80 74 81 N14 29.92F
MELBOURNE PTSUNNY 81 72 74 N14 29.92F
VERO BEACH PTSUNNY 81 73 76 NE12 29.92S THUNDER
FT PIERCE PTSUNNY 83 76 79 E13 29.90F
STATION/POSITION SKY/WX TEMP WIND PRES WAVE SWELL
AIR SEA DIR/SP/G HT/PER HT/PER
(F) (DEG/KT/KT) (MB) (FT/S) (FT/S)
28.5N 80.2W 74 80 10/ 14/ 16 1014.5F
28.9N 78.5W 81 83 120/ 19/ 23 1013.5F
TRIDENT PIER 77 81 340/ 9/ 11 1015.1F
28.4N 80.5W 81 N/A 3/ 6
27.5N 80.2W 82 N/A 3/ 6
$$
FLZ050-056-061-142-242-148-248-149-249-151-251-155-255-
160-260-171900-
WEST CENTRAL FLORIDA
CITY SKY/WX TMP DP RH WIND PRES REMARKS
CRYSTAL RIVER FAIR 82 72 69 NE13 29.95F
INVERNESS CLOUDY 81 75 83 NE8 29.96F
BROOKSVILLE CLOUDY 83 73 72 NE13 29.95F
CLEARWATER PTSUNNY 82 74 76 NE9 29.91F
TAMPA INTL CLOUDY 83 73 72 N10 29.92F
TAMPA EXEC CLOUDY 86 73 66 NE8 29.92F
PLANT CITY CLOUDY 82 75 78 NE7 29.94F
PETER O KNIGHT CLOUDY 86 77 74 NE9 29.91F HX 97
ST PETERSBURG CLOUDY 78 74 87 CALM 29.89F
SARASOTA CLOUDY 82 74 76 VRB3 29.89F
VENICE CLOUDY 81 73 78 NE5 29.91F
STATION/POSITION SKY/WX TEMP WIND PRES WAVE SWELL
AIR SEA DIR/SP/G HT/PER HT/PER
(F) (DEG/KT/KT) (MB) (FT/S) (FT/S)
CEDAR KEY 80 70/ 12/ 13 1014.8F
28.5N 84.5W 81 83 70/ 16/ 17 1014.0F 5/ 6
27.3N 84.2W 85 N/A 4/ 6
CLEARWATER BEACH 79 82 40/ 8/ 11 1014.0F
MIDDLE TAMPA BAY 180/ 2/ 4 1014.1F
VENICE 81 86 CALM / 1 1011.9F
$$
FLZ066-069-070-075>078-162-262-165-265-171900-
SOUTHWEST FLORIDA AND KEYS
CITY SKY/WX TMP DP RH WIND PRES REMARKS
PUNTA GORDA LGT RAIN 79 76 90 CALM 29.91F
FT MYERS CLOUDY 79 75 87 NW5 29.88F
SOUTHWEST INTL CLOUDY 81 76 84 N5 29.88F
NAPLES CLOUDY 83 75 77 NE6 29.87F
MARCO ISLAND CLOUDY 81 73 78 N6 29.87F
MARATHON CLOUDY 84 77 79 SE5 29.87F
KEY WEST NAS LGT RAIN 84 78 82 W8 29.87F HX 95
KEY WEST INTL HVY RAIN 77 75 93 NW13 29.88F FOG
STATION/POSITION SKY/WX TEMP WIND PRES WAVE SWELL
AIR SEA DIR/SP/G HT/PER HT/PER
(F) (DEG/KT/KT) (MB) (FT/S) (FT/S)
VENICE 81 86 CALM / 1 1011.9F
NAPLES 84 1013.7F
26.0N 85.6W 82 85 50/ 6/ 8 1012.0F 4/ 7 3/ 7
DRY TORTUGAS N/A
NW FL BAY 83 150/ 3/ 4 1012.3
SAND KEY 83 1011.4F
LONG KEY 81 83 240/ 6/ 7 1012.5F
MOLASSES REEF 84 86 160/ 7/ 9 1011.8F
$$
FLZ067-068-071>074-168-172>174-171900-
SOUTHEAST FLORIDA
CITY SKY/WX TMP DP RH WIND PRES REMARKS
W PALM BEACH PTSUNNY 83 75 77 SE12 29.90F
FT LAUDER-EXEC MOSUNNY 83 74 74 E12 29.88F
FT LAUDERDALE PTSUNNY 82 75 79 E12 29.88F
POMPANO BEACH MOSUNNY 82 74 76 E9 29.89S
PEMBROKE PINES PTSUNNY 83 75 77 E15 29.89F
OPA LOCKA CLOUDY 83 77 82 VRB6 29.89S THUNDER
MIAMI TSTM 79 75 87 SW13 29.89S FOG
WEST KENDALL RAIN 75 32 20 SE6 29.89F
HOMESTEAD CLOUDY 76 73 92 N7 29.89F
STATION/POSITION SKY/WX TEMP WIND PRES WAVE SWELL
AIR SEA DIR/SP/G HT/PER HT/PER
(F) (DEG/KT/KT) (MB) (FT/S) (FT/S)
PORT EVERGLADES 82 100/ 4/ 10 1012.0F
VIRGINIA KEY 82 84 80/ 4/ 6 1011.9F
LAKE WORTH 80 83 100/ 8/ 9 1012.4F
FOWEY ROCKS 83 85 260/ 2/ 3 1012.0S
SETTLEMENT POINT 78 130/ 5/ 8 1012.9F
$$
Tsunami leave latest count of 10 dead in Chile
One million people had to leave their homes in Chile after a powerful quake hit the country's central region.
At least 10 people died when the 8.3-magnitude quake hit at at 19:54 local time (22:54 GMT).
Residents of Illapel, near the quake's epicentre, fled into the streets in terror as their homes began to sway.
In the coastal town of Coquimbo, waves of 4.7m (15ft) hit the shore. A tsunami alert was issued for the entire Chilean coast but has since been lifted.
Tsunami waves also hit the coast further north and south of the quake's epicentre, with waves half a metre higher than usual as far north as La Punta.
BBC Headlines
(KABC) --
The massive earthquake in Chile triggered a tsunami advisory for the Southern California coast, which experienced minimal impact on Thursday.
After the temblor struck off Chile's northern coast Wednesday night, a tsunami advisory was issued in California from San Onofre State Beach in San Clemente to Ragged Point, which is located 50 miles northwest of San Luis Obispo.
TSUNAMI MESSAGE NUMBER 22 NWS PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER EWA BEACH HI 1735 UTC THU SEP 17 2015 ...PTWC TSUNAMI THREAT MESSAGE... **** NOTICE **** NOTICE **** NOTICE **** NOTICE **** NOTICE ***** THIS MESSAGE IS ISSUED FOR INFORMATION ONLY IN SUPPORT OF THE UNESCO/IOC PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING AND MITIGATION SYSTEM AND IS MEANT FOR NATIONAL AUTHORITIES IN EACH COUNTRY OF THAT SYSTEM. NATIONAL AUTHORITIES WILL DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF ALERT FOR EACH COUNTRY AND MAY ISSUE ADDITIONAL OR MORE REFINED INFORMATION. **** NOTICE **** NOTICE **** NOTICE **** NOTICE **** NOTICE ***** PRELIMINARY EARTHQUAKE PARAMETERS --------------------------------- * MAGNITUDE 8.3 * ORIGIN TIME 2254 UTC SEP 16 2015 * COORDINATES 31.5 SOUTH 72.0 WEST * DEPTH 10 KM / 6 MILES * LOCATION NEAR THE COAST OF CENTRAL CHILE EVALUATION ---------- * AN EARTHQUAKE WITH A PRELIMINARY MAGNITUDE OF 8.3 OCCURRED NEAR THE COAST OF CENTRAL CHILE AT 2254 UTC ON WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 16 2015. * TSUNAMI WAVES HAVE BEEN OBSERVED. * BASED ON ALL AVAILABLE DATA... HAZARDOUS TSUNAMI WAVES ARE FORECAST FOR SOME COASTS. TSUNAMI THREAT FORECAST ----------------------- * TSUNAMI WAVES REACHING MORE THAN 3 METERS ABOVE THE TIDE LEVEL ARE POSSIBLE ALONG SOME COASTS OF CHILE. * TSUNAMI WAVES REACHING 1 TO 3 METERS ABOVE THE TIDE LEVEL ARE POSSIBLE ALONG SOME COASTS OF FRENCH POLYNESIA. * TSUNAMI WAVES REACHING 0.3 TO 1 METERS ABOVE THE TIDE LEVEL ARE POSSIBLE FOR SOME COASTS OF MEXICO... ECUADOR... PERU... ANTARCTICA... JAPAN... NEW CALEDONIA... NEW ZEALAND... MARSHALL ISLANDS... FIJI... SAMOA... AMERICAN SAMOA... COOK ISLANDS... TOKELAU... VANUATU... KIRIBATI... JOHNSTON ISLAND... PALMYRA ISLAND... HOWLAND AND BAKER... TONGA... WALLIS AND FUTUNA... PITCAIRN ISLANDS... NIUE... SOLOMON ISLANDS... RUSSIA... HAWAII... AND NW HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. * TSUNAMI WAVES ARE FORECAST TO BE LESS THAN 0.3 METERS ABOVE THE TIDE LEVEL FOR THE COASTS OF EL SALVADOR... GUATEMALA... HONDURAS... COSTA RICA... NICARAGUA... PANAMA... COLOMBIA... AUSTRALIA... PHILIPPINES... TAIWAN... CHINA... NORTHERN MARIANAS... GUAM... PALAU... YAP... POHNPEI... CHUUK... KOSRAE... NAURU... WAKE ISLAND... MIDWAY ISLAND... JARVIS ISLAND... TUVALU... PAPUA NEW GUINEA... INDONESIA... VIETNAM... MALAYSIA... AND BRUNEI. * ACTUAL AMPLITUDES AT THE COAST MAY VARY FROM FORECAST AMPLITUDES DUE TO UNCERTAINTIES IN THE FORECAST AND LOCAL FEATURES. IN PARTICULAR MAXIMUM TSUNAMI AMPLITUDES ON ATOLLS WILL LIKELY BE MUCH SMALLER THAN THE FORECAST INDICATES. * FOR OTHER AREAS COVERED BY THIS PRODUCT A FORECAST HAS NOT YET BEEN COMPUTED. THE FORECAST WILL BE EXPANDED AS NECESSARY IN SUBSEQUENT PRODUCTS. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS ------------------- * GOVERNMENT AGENCIES RESPONSIBLE FOR THREATENED COASTAL AREAS SHOULD TAKE ACTION TO INFORM AND INSTRUCT ANY COASTAL POPULATIONS AT RISK IN ACCORDANCE WITH THEIR OWN EVALUATION... PROCEDURES AND THE LEVEL OF THREAT. * PERSONS LOCATED IN THREATENED COASTAL AREAS SHOULD STAY ALERT FOR INFORMATION AND FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS FROM NATIONAL AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES. ESTIMATED TIMES OF ARRIVAL -------------------------- * ESTIMATED TIMES OF ARRIVAL -ETA- OF THE INITIAL TSUNAMI WAVE FOR PLACES WITHIN THREATENED REGIONS ARE GIVEN BELOW. ACTUAL ARRIVAL TIMES MAY DIFFER AND THE INITIAL WAVE MAY NOT BE THE LARGEST. A TSUNAMI IS A SERIES OF WAVES AND THE TIME BETWEEN WAVES CAN BE FIVE MINUTES TO ONE HOUR. LOCATION REGION COORDINATES ETA(UTC) ------------------------------------------------------------ KWAJALEIN MARSHALL ISLANDS 8.7N 167.7E 1647 09/17 ENIWETOK MARSHALL ISLANDS 11.4N 162.3E 1748 09/17 UST KAMCHATSK RUSSIA 56.1N 162.6E 1850 09/17 PETROPAVLOVSK RUSSIA 53.2N 159.6E 1922 09/17 URUP ISLAND RUSSIA 46.1N 150.5E 1944 09/17 KUSHIRO JAPAN 42.9N 144.3E 2028 09/17 KATSUURA JAPAN 35.1N 140.3E 2059 09/17 HACHINOHE JAPAN 40.5N 141.5E 2108 09/17 SHIMIZU JAPAN 32.8N 133.0E 2214 09/17 NOBEOKA JAPAN 32.5N 131.8E 2217 09/17 POTENTIAL IMPACTS ----------------- * A TSUNAMI IS A SERIES OF WAVES. THE TIME BETWEEN WAVE CRESTS CAN VARY FROM 5 MINUTES TO AN HOUR. THE HAZARD MAY PERSIST FOR MANY HOURS OR LONGER AFTER THE INITIAL WAVE. * IMPACTS CAN VARY SIGNIFICANTLY FROM ONE SECTION OF COAST TO THE NEXT DUE TO LOCAL BATHYMETRY AND THE SHAPE AND ELEVATION OF THE SHORELINE. * IMPACTS CAN ALSO VARY DEPENDING UPON THE STATE OF THE TIDE AT THE TIME OF THE MAXIMUM TSUNAMI WAVES. * PERSONS CAUGHT IN THE WATER OF A TSUNAMI MAY DROWN... BE CRUSHED BY DEBRIS IN THE WATER... OR BE SWEPT OUT TO SEA. TSUNAMI OBSERVATIONS -------------------- * THE FOLLOWING ARE TSUNAMI WAVE OBSERVATIONS FROM COASTAL AND/OR DEEP-OCEAN SEA LEVEL GAUGES AT THE INDICATED LOCATIONS. THE MAXIMUM TSUNAMI HEIGHT IS MEASURED WITH RESPECT TO THE NORMAL TIDE LEVEL. GAUGE TIME OF MAXIMUM WAVE COORDINATES MEASURE TSUNAMI PERIOD GAUGE LOCATION LAT LON (UTC) HEIGHT (MIN) ------------------------------------------------------------- NUKUALOFA TO 21.1S 175.2W 1542 0.09M/ 0.3FT 18 NAWILIWILI KAUAI 22.0N 159.4W 1602 0.14M/ 0.5FT 08 CRESCENT CITY CA 41.7N 124.2W 1602 0.25M/ 0.8FT 20 PORT ORFORD OR 42.7N 124.5W 1606 0.07M/ 0.2FT 18 VANUATU 17.8S 168.3E 1542 0.05M/ 0.2FT 24 QUEPOS CR 9.4N 84.2W 1012 0.15M/ 0.5FT 22 NAWILIWILI HI 22.0N 159.4W 1602 0.13M/ 0.4FT 06 MAKAPU`U HI 21.3N 157.7W 1417 0.01M/ 0.0FT 14 JOHNSTON US 16.7N 169.5W 1526 0.02M/ 0.1FT 20 DART 51407 19.6N 156.6W 1348 0.02M/ 0.1FT 20 KAWAIHAE HAWAII 20.0N 155.8W 1426 0.27M/ 0.9FT 16 OFF VANCOUVER BC 47.8N 127.8W 1434 0.00M/ 0.0FT 14 DART 46404 45.9N 128.8W 1354 0.01M/ 0.0FT 22 APIA UPOLU WS 13.8S 171.8W 1500 0.20M/ 0.7FT 20 HONOLULU OAHU 21.3N 157.9W 1432 0.06M/ 0.2FT 14 KAHULUI MAUI 20.9N 156.5W 1435 0.66M/ 2.2FT 18 PAGO PAGO AS 14.3S 170.7W 1418 0.67M/ 2.2FT 20 BOAT COVE RAOUL IS 29.3S 177.9W 1346 0.22M/ 0.7FT 06 LOTTIN PT NZ 37.6S 178.2E 1230 0.15M/ 0.5FT 16 KALAUPAPA HI 21.2N 157.0W 1406 0.08M/ 0.3FT 16 HILO HI 19.7N 155.1W 1406 0.93M/ 3.0FT 18 HILO HAWAII 19.7N 155.1W 1347 0.70M/ 2.3FT 16 MONTEREY HARBOR CA 36.6N 121.9W 1301 0.09M/ 0.3FT 42 DART 51426 23.3S 168.3W 1253 0.02M/ 0.1FT 14 DART 46411 39.3N 127.0W 1303 0.01M/ 0.0FT 16 PORT SAN LUIS CA 35.2N 120.8W 1245 0.08M/ 0.2FT 16 SANTA MONICA CA 34.0N 118.5W 1243 0.15M/ 0.5FT 32 OWENGA CHATHAM NZ 44.0S 176.4W 1209 0.35M/ 1.2FT 14 FISHING ROCK RAOUL 29.3S 177.9W 1224 0.05M/ 0.2FT 10 PAPEETE TAHITI 17.5S 149.6W 1113 0.14M/ 0.5FT 16 TALCAHUANO CL 36.7S 73.1W 0253 1.28M/ 4.2FT 98 NUKU HIVA MARQUESAS 8.9S 140.1W 1133 1.37M/ 4.5FT 14 PURETO ANGEL MX 15.7N 96.5W 1049 0.37M/ 1.2FT 04 HUAHINE PF 16.7S 151.0W 1101 0.09M/ 0.3FT 14 SALINA CRUZ MX 16.2N 95.2W 1017 0.22M/ 0.7FT 20 RIKITEA PF 23.1S 135.0W 0930 0.34M/ 1.1FT 16 CALLAO LA-PUNTA PE 12.1S 77.2W 0740 0.52M/ 1.7FT 34 CHIAPAS MX 14.7N 92.4W 0905 0.19M/ 0.6FT 26 RIKITEA PF 23.1S 135.0W 0908 0.33M/ 1.1FT 14 HUATULCO MX 15.8N 96.1W 0809 0.18M/ 0.6FT 08 CALDERA CL 27.1S 70.8W 0728 1.14M/ 3.7FT 18 VALPARAISO CL 33.0S 71.6W 0044 1.78M/ 5.8FT 40 MATARANI PE 17.0S 72.1W 0653 0.22M/ 0.7FT 20 JUAN FERNANDEZ 33.6S 78.8W 0038 1.21M/ 4.0FT 08 SANTACRUZ GALAPAGOS 0.7S 90.3W 0643 0.56M/ 1.8FT 12 DART 43413 10.8N 100.1W 0639 0.02M/ 0.1FT 40 DART 32411 5.0N 90.8W 0517 0.03M/ 0.1FT 48 EASTER CL 27.2S 109.4W 0505 0.83M/ 2.7FT 04 COQUIMBO CL 30.0S 71.3W 0025 4.75M/15.6FT 20 DART 32402 26.7S 74.0W 2334 0.10M/ 0.3FT 32 QUIRIQUINA CL 36.6S 73.1W 0249 0.83M/ 2.7FT 88 DART 32412 18.0S 86.3W 0146 0.05M/ 0.2FT 20 BUCALEMU CL 34.6S 72.0W 0246 0.76M/ 2.5FT 12 HUASCO CL 28.5S 71.2W 0106 0.77M/ 2.5FT 12 SAN FELIX CL 26.3S 80.1W 0051 0.69M/ 2.3FT 08 CONSTITUCION CL 35.4S 72.5W 0124 0.88M/ 2.9FT 60 CORRAL CL 39.9S 73.4W 0124 0.22M/ 0.7FT 34 TOCOPILLA CL 22.1S 70.2W 0046 0.12M/ 0.4FT 38 CHANARAL CL 26.4S 70.6W 0043 1.09M/ 3.6FT 30 TALTAL CL 25.4S 70.5W 0018 0.25M/ 0.8FT 38 DART 32401 20.5S 73.4W 0020 0.06M/ 0.2FT 48 SAN ANTONIO CL 33.6S 71.6W 2358 0.86M/ 2.8FT 18 NEXT UPDATE AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION -------------------------------------- * THE NEXT MESSAGE WILL BE ISSUED IN ONE HOUR... OR SOONER IF THE SITUATION WARRANTS. * AUTHORITATIVE INFORMATION ABOUT THE EARTHQUAKE FROM THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CAN BE FOUND ON THE INTERNET AT EARTHQUAKE.USGS.GOV/EARTHQUAKES -ALL LOWER CASE-. * FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THIS EVENT MAY BE FOUND AT PTWC.WEATHER.GOV AND AT WWW.TSUNAMI.GOV. * COASTAL REGIONS OF HAWAII... AMERICAN SAMOA... GUAM... AND CNMI SHOULD REFER TO PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER MESSAGES SPECIFICALLY FOR THOSE PLACES THAT CAN BE FOUND AT PTWC.WEATHER.GOV. * COASTAL REGIONS OF CALIFORNIA... OREGON... WASHINGTON... BRITISH COLUMBIA AND ALASKA SHOULD ONLY REFER TO U.S. NATIONAL TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER MESSAGES THAT CAN BE FOUND AT NTWC.ARH.NOAA.GOV. $$
City Weather
Selected Cities
SELECTED CITIES WEATHER SUMMARY AND FORECASTS...PART 1 OF 4
NWS/NDFD TELECOMMUNICATION OPERATIONS CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
850 AM EDT THU SEP 17 2015
TEMPERATURES INDICATE DAYTIME HIGH...NIGHTTIME LOW
B INDICATES TEMPERATURES BELOW ZERO
PRECIPITATION FOR 24 HOURS ENDING AT 8 AM EDT
FORECAST FORECAST
WED...SEP 16 THU....SEP 17 FRI....SEP 18
CITY HI/LO PCPN WEA HI/LO WEA HI/LO
ABILENE TX 94 73 PTCLDY 95/73 PTCLDY 96/72
AKRON CANTON 83 60 SUNNY 84/58 PTCLDY 84/62
ALBANY NY 84 57 SUNNY 85/57 SUNNY 84/58
ALBUQUERQUE 89 61 SUNNY 88/59 SUNNY 86/60
ALLENTOWN 87 53 SUNNY 85/56 SUNNY 85/57
AMARILLO 96 68 PTCLDY 96/68 PTCLDY 92/58
ANCHORAGE 50 39 .11 RAIN 50/41 SHWRS 49/40
ASHEVILLE 74 48 SUNNY 77/56 SUNNY 80/58
ATLANTA 79 62 PTCLDY 82/63 SUNNY 84/66
ATLANTIC CITY 87 58 SUNNY 86/58 SUNNY 83/59
AUSTIN 93 73 .02 PTCLDY 93/72 PTCLDY 94/69
BALTIMORE 86 55 SUNNY 86/59 SUNNY 86/63
BATON ROUGE 92 70 SUNNY 90/68 SUNNY 91/69
BILLINGS 60 46 .01 MOCLDY 66/45 PTCLDY 69/44
BIRMINGHAM 84 65 PTCLDY 85/64 SUNNY 87/65
BISMARCK 79 55 MOCLDY 67/43 MOCLDY 67/43
BOISE 65 54 SHWRS 60/42 SUNNY 68/48
BOSTON 81 64 SUNNY 83/66 SUNNY 83/65
BRIDGEPORT 80 62 SUNNY 83/63 SUNNY 85/64
BROWNSVILLE 90 74 .06 PTCLDY 92/77 PTCLDY 93/76
BUFFALO 81 59 SUNNY 80/60 SUNNY 82/64
BURLINGTON VT 85 58 SUNNY 86/61 SUNNY 87/62
CARIBOU 79 60 SUNNY 84/62 PTCLDY 84/58
CASPER 79 46 MOCLDY 70/40 MOCLDY 66/34
CHARLESTON SC 81 70 CLOUDY 80/69 MOCLDY 84/70
CHARLESTON WV 84 53 SUNNY 85/55 SUNNY 86/62
CHARLOTTE 79 54 SUNNY 83/61 SUNNY 85/65
CHATTANOOGA 79 58 SUNNY 84/61 SUNNY 86/63
CHEYENNE 82 52 MOCLDY 69/45 PTCLDY 64/38
CHICAGO 83 61 PTCLDY 84/69 MOCLDY 79/62
CINCINNATI 82 54 SUNNY 83/61 MOCLDY 85/65
CLEVELAND 82 56 SUNNY 83/58 PTCLDY 84/63
COLORADO SPGS 85 51 PTCLDY 82/51 PTCLDY 74/44
COLUMBIA SC 82 62 PTCLDY 84/65 PTCLDY 86/68
COLUMBUS GA 75 63 .07 MOCLDY 85/65 PTCLDY 86/67
COLUMBUS OH 82 56 SUNNY 83/60 PTCLDY 84/64
$$
SELECTED CITIES WEATHER SUMMARY AND FORECASTS...PART 2 OF 4
NWS/NDFD TELECOMMUNICATION OPERATIONS CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
850 AM EDT THU SEP 17 2015
TEMPERATURES INDICATE DAYTIME HIGH...NIGHTTIME LOW
B INDICATES TEMPERATURES BELOW ZERO
PRECIPITATION FOR 24 HOURS ENDING AT 8 AM EDT
FORECAST FORECAST
WED...SEP 16 THU....SEP 17 FRI....SEP 18
CITY HI/LO PCPN WEA HI/LO WEA HI/LO
CONCORD NH 85 57 SUNNY 88/55 SUNNY 86/58
CORPUS CHRISTI 90 75 .02 PTCLDY 92/76 PTCLDY 91/75
DALLAS FT WORTH 92 75 SUNNY 95/76 SUNNY 96/76
DAYTON 81 57 SUNNY 82/59 MOCLDY 82/64
DAYTONA BEACH 85 72 1.08 SHWRS 83/73 SHWRS 86/73
DENVER 90 49 MOCLDY 80/50 PTCLDY 71/45
DES MOINES 89 74 TSTRMS 85/64 TSTRMS 72/54
DETROIT 82 58 SUNNY 82/61 TSTRMS 80/68
DULUTH 80 69 TSTRMS 75/53 PTCLDY 63/47
EL PASO 96 73 PTCLDY 94/69 PTCLDY 94/71
ELKINS 82 49 SUNNY 82/49 SUNNY 82/55
ERIE 81 60 SUNNY 82/61 PTCLDY 83/65
EUGENE 70 55 .32 SHWRS 69/48 SUNNY 77/49
EVANSVILLE 84 56 SUNNY 85/63 PTCLDY 88/68
FAIRBANKS 46 40 .24 SHWRS 47/36 SHWRS 46/36
FARGO 79 62 .01 MOCLDY 72/46 MOCLDY 67/46
FLAGSTAFF 69 47 SUNNY 71/40 SUNNY 73/43
FLINT 84 57 SUNNY 84/62 TSTRMS 77/67
FORT SMITH 90 69 SUNNY 93/71 SUNNY 94/70
FORT WAYNE 82 53 SUNNY 83/62 MOCLDY 83/67
FRESNO 79 60 SUNNY 82/60 SUNNY 87/63
GOODLAND 94 61 SUNNY 86/55 MOCLDY 76/44
GRAND JUNCTION 82 59 PTCLDY 75/49 SUNNY 74/46
GRAND RAPIDS 82 56 SUNNY 83/65 TSTRMS 77/63
GREAT FALLS 48 35 .41 MOCLDY 60/42 PTCLDY 62/45
GREEN BAY 84 64 TSTRMS 82/65 MOCLDY 71/53
GREENSBORO 80 58 SUNNY 82/59 SUNNY 84/62
HARRISBURG 84 57 SUNNY 84/59 SUNNY 83/62
HARTFORD SPGFLD 85 54 SUNNY 88/58 SUNNY 86/60
HELENA 56 38 .38 SHWRS 59/41 PTCLDY 63/44
HONOLULU 89 79 PTCLDY 90/76 PTCLDY 90/76
HOUSTON INTCNTL 91 71 PTCLDY 91/71 SUNNY 94/70
HUNTSVILLE AL 85 62 SUNNY 85/61 SUNNY 87/64
INDIANAPOLIS 82 58 SUNNY 83/64 MOCLDY 84/66
JACKSON MS 92 68 SUNNY 91/65 SUNNY 92/66
JACKSONVILLE 82 71 .66 SHWRS 80/72 SHWRS 84/72
JUNEAU 49 48 .68 SHWRS 52/48 RAIN 50/45
KANSAS CITY 89 74 MOCLDY 89/70 TSTRMS 84/56
KEY WEST 86 76 1.34 TSTRMS 86/79 TSTRMS 88/79
KNOXVILLE 80 56 SUNNY 82/58 SUNNY 84/61
LAKE CHARLES 90 73 SUNNY 91/72 SUNNY 92/72
LANSING 81 58 SUNNY 82/64 TSTRMS 78/65
LAS VEGAS 87 70 SUNNY 89/68 SUNNY 92/70
LEXINGTON 83 55 SUNNY 84/58 PTCLDY 85/63
$$
SELECTED CITIES WEATHER SUMMARY AND FORECASTS...PART 3 OF 4
NWS/NDFD TELECOMMUNICATION OPERATIONS CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
850 AM EDT THU SEP 17 2015
TEMPERATURES INDICATE DAYTIME HIGH...NIGHTTIME LOW
B INDICATES TEMPERATURES BELOW ZERO
PRECIPITATION FOR 24 HOURS ENDING AT 8 AM EDT
FORECAST FORECAST
WED...SEP 16 THU....SEP 17 FRI....SEP 18
CITY HI/LO PCPN WEA HI/LO WEA HI/LO
LINCOLN 89 73 PTCLDY 88/60 TSTRMS 68/50
LITTLE ROCK 92 67 PTCLDY 92/70 SUNNY 93/70
LOS ANGELES 75 67 SUNNY 82/67 SUNNY 85/66
LOUISVILLE 84 58 SUNNY 86/62 PTCLDY 88/68
LUBBOCK 95 70 PTCLDY 94/68 PTCLDY 94/63
MACON 79 62 PTCLDY 85/62 PTCLDY 86/67
MADISON 83 66 MOCLDY 80/66 MOCLDY 75/55
MEDFORD 64 54 .12 MOCLDY 70/46 SUNNY 81/50
MEMPHIS 88 69 PTCLDY 90/70 SUNNY 92/72
MIAMI BEACH 86 75 2.16 SHWRS 86/77 TSTRMS 89/78
MIDLAND ODESSA 93 73 PTCLDY 96/70 PTCLDY 96/70
MILWAUKEE 83 63 PTCLDY 82/68 MOCLDY 75/58
MPLS ST PAUL 84 71 1.17 TSTRMS 82/58 MOCLDY 66/51
MISSOULA 56 35 SHWRS 54/41 MOCLDY 60/40
MOBILE 92 71 PTCLDY 86/69 PTCLDY 89/68
MONTGOMERY 89 65 MOCLDY 89/65 SUNNY 90/66
NASHVILLE 85 58 SUNNY 87/62 SUNNY 88/64
NEW ORLEANS 90 76 .03 PTCLDY 87/73 SUNNY 88/72
NEW YORK CITY 88 68 SUNNY 85/66 SUNNY 85/66
NEWARK 88 63 SUNNY 86/65 SUNNY 85/66
NORFOLK VA 80 63 MOCLDY 83/68 PTCLDY 82/69
NORTH PLATTE 90 60 SUNNY 81/53 MOCLDY 70/41
OKLAHOMA CITY 92 74 SUNNY 93/73 PTCLDY 92/64
OMAHA 90 73 .09 MOCLDY 87/60 TSTRMS 68/51
ORLANDO 87 73 .20 SHWRS 85/73 SHWRS 88/73
PADUCAH 85 57 SUNNY 87/64 SUNNY 89/68
PENDLETON 69 57 MOCLDY 65/47 SUNNY 72/50
PEORIA 88 68 MOCLDY 88/70 TSTRMS 84/63
PHILADELPHIA 87 64 SUNNY 86/65 SUNNY 85/65
PHOENIX 98 78 SUNNY 98/77 SUNNY 100/77
PITTSBURGH 83 55 SUNNY 83/61 SUNNY 84/62
POCATELLO 61 48 .10 SHWRS 59/36 SUNNY 64/39
PORTLAND ME 85 59 SUNNY 84/58 SUNNY 84/59
PORTLAND OR 71 57 .02 SHWRS 68/54 PTCLDY 75/55
PROVIDENCE 82 59 SUNNY 83/61 SUNNY 79/63
PUEBLO 94 54 SUNNY 90/55 PTCLDY 82/49
RALEIGH DURHAM 81 60 PTCLDY 83/61 SUNNY 85/63
RAPID CITY 88 52 PTCLDY 70/46 SHWRS 61/39
RENO 69 52 SUNNY 73/43 SUNNY 77/47
RICHMOND 85 59 SUNNY 84/61 SUNNY 86/64
ROANOKE 82 53 SUNNY 82/54 SUNNY 83/58
ROCHESTER NY 84 60 SUNNY 84/58 SUNNY 85/63
ROCKFORD 85 63 MOCLDY 86/68 TSTRMS 79/58
SACRAMENTO 74 61 .02 SUNNY 81/57 SUNNY 88/58
ST LOUIS 87 71 PTCLDY 91/74 MOCLDY 91/68
ST PETERSBURG 84 78 .02 SHWRS 85/76 SHWRS 86/77
ST THOMAS VI 90 81 MOCLDY 90/80 PTCLDY 88/78
$$
SELECTED CITIES WEATHER SUMMARY AND FORECASTS...PART 4 OF 4
NWS/NDFD TELECOMMUNICATION OPERATIONS CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
850 AM EDT THU SEP 17 2015
TEMPERATURES INDICATE DAYTIME HIGH...NIGHTTIME LOW
B INDICATES TEMPERATURES BELOW ZERO
PRECIPITATION FOR 24 HOURS ENDING AT 8 AM EDT
FORECAST FORECAST
WED...SEP 16 THU....SEP 17 FRI....SEP 18
CITY HI/LO PCPN WEA HI/LO WEA HI/LO
SALEM OR 71 56 .31 SHWRS 68/51 SUNNY 77/51
SALT LAKE CITY 66 51 .93 MOCLDY 67/46 SUNNY 68/47
SAN ANGELO 94 76 PTCLDY 96/72 PTCLDY 97/72
SAN ANTONIO 90 77 .15 PTCLDY 94/75 PTCLDY 95/74
SAN DIEGO 78 69 .01 SUNNY 77/71 SUNNY 78/70
SAN FRANCISCO 70 60 PTCLDY 72/58 SUNNY 73/58
SAN JOSE 75 59 PTCLDY 77/57 SUNNY 80/57
SAN JUAN PR 90 80 .05 MOCLDY 88/79 SUNNY 89/78
SANTA FE 86 49 SUNNY 85/49 SUNNY 83/52
ST STE MARIE 80 62 PTCLDY 80/65 TSTRMS 70/54
SAVANNAH 78 70 .04 CLOUDY 80/69 MOCLDY 84/70
SEATTLE 68 55 .10 SHWRS 64/54 MOCLDY 67/56
SHREVEPORT 94 70 SUNNY 95/72 SUNNY 94/71
SIOUX CITY 87 70 .02 PTCLDY 82/57 SHWRS 66/47
SIOUX FALLS 87 69 PTCLDY 78/54 SHWRS 61/45
SOUTH BEND 82 54 SUNNY 83/66 MOCLDY 80/66
SPOKANE 61 47 CLOUDY 58/46 MOCLDY 64/47
SPRINGFIELD IL 87 67 PTCLDY 88/70 MOCLDY 86/65
SPRINGFIELD MO 85 70 PTCLDY 89/71 MOCLDY 89/62
SYRACUSE 84 58 SUNNY 85/56 SUNNY 85/63
TALLAHASSEE 87 73 .52 MOCLDY 85/70 MOCLDY 88/71
TAMPA 85 75 .01 SHWRS 85/74 SHWRS 87/75
TOLEDO 84 51 SUNNY 85/56 MOCLDY 80/66
TOPEKA 90 75 PTCLDY 92/70 TSTRMS 85/55
TUCSON 96 74 SUNNY 95/72 SUNNY 96/69
TULSA 88 74 SUNNY 93/76 PTCLDY 92/63
TUPELO 87 59 SUNNY 87/62 SUNNY 89/64
WACO 95 75 SUNNY 96/74 SUNNY 96/73
WASHINGTON DC 86 63 SUNNY 86/66 SUNNY 85/67
W PALM BEACH 79 74 2.73 SHWRS 86/76 TSTRMS 88/76
WICHITA 93 73 PTCLDY 93/74 MOCLDY 89/58
WICHITA FALLS 95 74 SUNNY 96/74 SUNNY 96/68
WILKES BARRE 85 57 SUNNY 84/56 SUNNY 83/60
WILMINGTON DE 86 58 SUNNY 84/61 SUNNY 85/62
YAKIMA 71 53 .01 MOCLDY 65/44 SUNNY 71/49
YOUNGSTOWN 82 52 SUNNY 83/53 PTCLDY 82/62
YUMA 96 75 SUNNY 98/77 SUNNY 100/79
NATIONAL TEMPERATURE EXTREMES
HIGH WED....103 SCOTTSDALE AZ
LOW THU....19 WHITE MTN RESEARCH CENTER NV
$$
S$
Last Updated: 2015-09-17 12:50:47
DIY costumes that'll really stand out Halloween night
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: "PetSmart" <PetSmart@email-petsmart.com>
Date: Sep 17, 2015 11:48 AM
Subject: DIY costumes that'll really stand out Halloween night
To: <guyperea@gmail.com>
Cc:
From: "PetSmart" <PetSmart@email-petsmart.com>
Date: Sep 17, 2015 11:48 AM
Subject: DIY costumes that'll really stand out Halloween night
To: <guyperea@gmail.com>
Cc:
|
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)