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Saturday, August 31, 2013

Awá-Guajá people NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH Awa-Kwaiker people who are of Drug areas northern Ecuador (provinces of Carchi and Sucumbios) and southern Colombia

The Awá or Guajá are an endangered indigenous group of people living
in the eastern Amazon forests of Brazil. There are approximately 350
members and 100 of them have no contact with the outside world. Their
language is in the Tupi–Guaraní family. Originally living in
settlements, they adopted a nomadic lifestyle about 1800 to escape
incursions by Europeans. During the 19th century, they came under
increasing attack by settlers in the region, who cleared most of the
forests from their land. From the mid-1980s onward, some Awá moved to
government-established settlements, but for the most part they were
able to maintain their traditional way of life, living entirely off
their forests, in nomadic groups of a few dozen people, with little or
no contact with the outside world.
In 1982, the Brazilian government received a loan of 900 million USD
from the World Bank and the European Union. One condition of this loan
was that the lands of certain indigenous peoples (including the Awá)
would be demarcated and protected. This was particularly important for
the Awá because their forests were increasingly being invaded by
outsiders. There were many cases of tribespeople being killed by
settlers, but perhaps more significantly, the forest on which they
depend was being destroyed by logging and land clearance for farming.
Without government intervention it seemed very likely that the Awá and
their ancient culture would become extinct.
However, the Brazilian government was extraordinarily slow to act on
its commitment. It took twenty years of sustained pressure from
campaigning organisations such as Survival International and the
Forest Peoples Programme before, in March 2003, the Awá's land was
finally demarcated.
During this time, encroachment on their land and a series of massacres
had reduced Awá numbers to about 300, of whom only about 60 were still
living their traditional, isolated, hunter-gatherer way of life.

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